Petrology and Geochemistry of Ciremai Volcano, West Java, Indonesia: Evidence of Open-System Magma Dynamics

Keisha Prillia Qayyima; I Gusti Bagus Eddy Sucipta; Asep Saepuloh; Nurcahyo Indro Basuki; Very Susanto; Niniek Rina Herdianita; Mirzam Abdurrachman; Idham Andri Kurniawan; Prihadi Soemintadiredja; Emmy Suparka

doi:10.17014/ijog.13.3.473-486

Authors

Keisha Prillia Qayyima Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
I Gusti Bagus Eddy Sucipta Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Asep Saepuloh Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Nurcahyo Indro Basuki Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Very Susanto Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Niniek Rina Herdianita Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Mirzam Abdurrachman Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Idham Andri Kurniawan Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Prihadi Soemintadiredja Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
Emmy Suparka Petrology, Volcanology, and Geochemistry Research Group, Department of Geological Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.13.3.473-486

Abstract

Ciremai Volcano is the youngest active volcanic system within the Ciremai Volcanic Complex (CVC), located on the northern coast of West Java. This study aims to further investigate the characteristics of the magmatic system as part of the Sunda Arc. The activity of the CVC is divided into four periods: Putri Volcano, Gegerhalang Volcano, Wurung Crater, and Ciremai Volcano with its parasitic cones. The magmatic evolution of the CVC is reflected in the characteristics of its lava throughout its volcanic history. Petrographic analysis reveals that the volcanic rocks of the CVC are predominantly composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, hornblende, and opaque minerals as phenocrysts. The magma exhibits calc-alkaline affinity, with Fe enrichment during the early stages of magma formation. The enrichment of incompatible elements (Sr, K, Rb, Ba, and Th), depletion of HFSE (Nb, P, and Ti), and the presence of xenoliths suggest a convergent margin setting, with a continental-derived sediment enrichment in the magmatic source. Both petrological and geochemical analyses indicate that the magmatic evolution of the CVC has an interconnected open-system magma dynamic. Major basaltic injections and mixing of basaltic magma likely triggered a significant eruption at the end of Gegerhalang and contributed to the development of new magma conduits. Besides fractional crystallization, the post-caldera magmatism of Wurung Crater, Ciremai, and its parasitic cones is affected by a prolonged basaltic influx and magma reheating.