Abstract
DOI:10.17014/ijog.7.3.253-265
The density normal compaction trend is the mandatory parameter in order to calculate contribution of disequilibrium compaction to overpressure, in the presence of unloading to total overpressure. In this paper, mudrock compaction behaviour is studied in the Peciko Field. The density normal compaction trend was constructed in a normally pressured section, where the temperature is <1200C, within the transformation of smectite–illite zone. The compaction trend includes not only vertical effective stress, but also diagenesis, especially smectite-illite transformation, as dependant factor for compaction, both termed as β. This compaction trend is also known as Skempton-Duta compaction model. Quardros-Linares fifth-order kinetic reaction was found that could model smectite-illite transformation in the studied area fairly well. The plot between β and smectite content shows a very good match, confirming that Skempton-Dutta compaction model is valid for the entire range of smectite-illite transformation. In the area where the density log is unavailable, the density normal compaction can be constructed from temperature history acting as a proxy for smectite-illite transformation, with some local calibration.
References
Bjørlykke, K., 1998. Clay mineral diagenesis in sedimentary basins: a key to the prediction of rock properties: examples from the North Sea Basin. Clay Minerals, 33, p. 15-34. https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1998.033.1.03
Boles, J.R. and Franks, S.G., 1979. Clay diagenesis in Wilcox sandstones of southwest Texas: implications of smectite diagenesis on sandstone cementation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 49, p. 55-70. https://www.crossref.org/iPage?doi=10.1306%2F212F76BC-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Chambers, J.L.C., Carter, I., Cloke, I.R., Craig, J., Moss, S.J., and Paterson, D.W., 2004. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned inversion-related thrusting – A structural model for the Kutai Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: McClay, K.R. (ed): Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems, AAPG Memoir, 82, p. 614-634. https://doi.org/10.1306/M82813C32
Clauer, N., Rinckenbach, T., Weber, F., Sommer, F., Chaudhuri, S., and O’Neil, J.R., 1999. Diagenetic evolution of clay minerals in oil-bearing Neogene sandstones and associated shales, Mahakam Delta Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Bulletin, 83, p. 62-87. https://dx.doi.org/
1306/00AA9A02-1730-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Coke, I.R., Moss, S.J., and Craig, J., 1999. Structural controls on the evolution of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17, p. 137-156. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0743-9547(98)00036-1
Colten-Bradley, V.A., 1987. Role of pressure in smectite dehydration – Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation. AAPG Bulletin, 71, p. 1414-1427. https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/703C8092-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Cuadros, J., 2006. Modeling of smectite illitization in burial diagenesis environments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, p. 4181-4195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1372
Cuadros, J. and Linares, J., 1996. Experimental kinetic study of the smectite-to-illite transformation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, p. 439-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/00167037(95)00407-6
Dutta, N.C., 1986. Shale compaction, burial diagenesis and geopressures: a dynamic model, solution and some results. In: Burrus, J. (ed.): Thermal Modeling in Sedimentary Basins. Éditions Technip, p. 149-172.
Dutta, N.C., 2016. Effect of chemical diagenesis on pore pressure in argillaceous sediment. The Leading Edge, 35, p. 523-527. https://doi.org/10.1190/tle35060523.1
Elliot, W.C., and Matisoff, G., 1996. Evaluation of kinetic models for the smectite to illite transformation. Clays and Clay Minerals, 44, p. 77-87. https://www.doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440107
Hall, R., 2009. Hydrocarbon basins in SE Asia: understanding why they are there. Petroleum Geoscience, 15, p. 131-146. https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1354-079309-830
Hower, J., Eslinger, E.V., Hower, M.E., and Perry, E.A., 1976. Mechanism of burial and metamorphism of argillaceous sediment: 1. Mineralogical and chemical evidence. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 87, p. 725-737. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87%3C725:MOBMOA%3E2.0.CO;2
Lambert, B., Duval, B.C., Grosjean, Y., Umar, I.M., and Zaugg, P., 2003. The Peciko case history: impact of an evolving geological model on the dramatic increase of gas reserves in the Mahakam Delta. In: Halbouty, M.T. (ed.): Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade 1990–1999. AAPG, 78, p. 297-320. https://doi.org/10.1306/M78834C17
Ramdhan, A.M. and Goulty, N.R., 2010. Overpressure generating mechanisms in the Peciko Field, Kutai Basin, Indonesia. Petroleum Geoscience, 16, p. 367-376. https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1354-079309-027
Ramdhan, A.M. and Goulty N.R., 2011. Overpressure and mudrock compaction in the Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia: A radical reappraisal. AAPG Bulletin, 95, p. 1725-1744. https://doi.org/10.1306/02221110094
Ramdhan, A.M. and Goulty, N.R., 2018. Two-step wireline log analysis of overpressure in the Bekapai Field, Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia. Petroleum Geoscience, 24, p. 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2017-045
Robertson, H.E. and Lahann, R.W., 1981. Smectite to illite conversion rates. Effect of solution chemistry. Clays and Clay Minerals, 29, p. 129-135. https://dx.doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290207
Samson, P., Dewi-Rochette, T., and Lescoeur, M., 2005. Peciko geological modeling: optimizing fluid distribution and model resolution of a giant gas field in a shale-dominated deltaic environment. Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference, SPE paper 93253. https://doi.org/10.2118/93253-MS
Skempton, A.W., 1969. The consolidation of clays by gravitational compaction. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 125, p. 373-411. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.125.1.0373
Total E&P Indonesie, 2000. Stratigraphic column of the Lower Kutai Basin. Unpublished Report.