Syn-sedimentary Mafic Volcanics in the Eocene Coal-bearing Tanjung Formation, Senakin Peninsula, South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.7.1.65-85Abstract
DOI:10.17014/ijog.7.1.65-85
Syn-sedimentary mafic volcanism has been identified within a rift setting (Eocene Tanjung Formation) in the Senakin Peninsula, southeast Kalimantan. Fine-grained, dark-grey basalt lava occurs and has prominent vertically oriented columnar jointing. Petrographically, the basalt is composed of small euhedral pyroxene, olivine, and lath-shaped plagioclase phenocrysts within a very fine-grained dark coloured groundmass. A volcaniclastic unit also occurs and in outcrop has sharp contacts with underlying and overlying sedimentary mudstone. The unit is composed of cm-scale clasts of fine-grained to glassy textured basalt with vesicles of varying size and abundance. Euhedral pyroxene phenocrysts are observed within the clasts, although some with overprinting alteration. Palagonite alteration on the margins of some clasts is noted and is indicative of mafic composition volcanic material that has come into contact with sea water. Presence of bivalve and coral fragments in sandstone and mudstone underlying the volcaniclastic unit indicates emplacement into a marine environment. Core description from 33 locations over an 18 km transect length show that both the basalt and volcaniclastic sediments are extensive throughout the east Senakin area. Lithological relationships and compositional similarities between the basalt and volcaniclastic sediment suggest they are related and were contemporaneous with sedimentation within the Tanjung Formation. It is proposed that the basalt unit is designated the Tanah Rata Basalt Member of the Tanjung Formation. If a wider distribution occurs for the volcaniclastic unit it is proposed that it is termed the Gumbil Volcaniclastic Member of the Tanjung Formation.
References
Anonymous, 1984. Geology of the southern portion of East Senakin. P.T. Arutmin Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 6pp.
Argakoesoemah, R.M., 2017. Middle Eocene palaeogeography of the greater Makassar Strait region, Indonesia: A review of Eocene source rock distribution. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum
Association, 41st Annual Convention and Exhibition, IPA17-247-G, Jakarta, Indonesia, 24pp. DOI:10.29118/ipa.50.17.247.g
Bachtiar, A., Purnama, Y.S., Suandhi, P.A., Krisyunianto, A., Rozalli, M., Nugroho, D.H.H., and Suleiman, A., 2013. The Tertiary paleogeography of the Kutai Basin and its unexplored hydrocarbon plays. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 37th Annual Convention & Exhibition. Paper IPA13-G-126, Jakarta, Indonesia, 37pp. DOI:10.29118/ipa.0.13.g.126
Baumann, P., 1972. Les faunes foraminiferes de L’Eocene superieur a la base du Miocene and le Bassin de Pasir sud de Kalimantan. Revue de L’Institut Francais du Petrole, 27, p.817-829. DOI:10.3406/bagf.1972.7877
Bon, J., Fraser, T.H., Amris, W., Steward, D.N., Abubakar, Z., and Sosromihardjo, S., 1996. A review of the exploration potential of the Paleocene Lower Tanjung Formation in the South Barito Basin. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 25th Silver Anniversary Convention. Indonesian Petroleum Association,
IPA96-1.0-027, Jakarta, Indonesia, p.69-79. DOI:10.29118/ipa.2334.69.79
Carlile, J.C. and Mitchell, A.H.G., 1994. Magmatic arcs and associated gold and copper mineralization in Indonesia. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 50, p.91-142. DOI:10.1016/0375-6742(94)90022-1
Cloke, I.R., Milsom, J.S., and Blundell, D.J.B., 1999. Implications of gravity data from East Kalimantan and the Makassar Straits: a solution to the origin of the Makassar Straits? Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17, p.61-78. DOI:10.1016/s0743-9547(98)00056-7
Doust, H. and Noble, R.A., 2008. Petroleum systems of Indonesia. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25, p.103-129. DOI:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.05.007
Febriadi, E., 2010. PT Arutmin Indonesia: Discovery of South Kalimantan coal. In: Basuki, N.I. and Prihatmoko, S. (Eds.), Kalimantan Coal and Mineral Resources. MGEI-IAGI Seminar, 29-30 March 2010, Balikpapan, Indonesia, p.27-48.
Fraser, T.H. and Ichram, L.O., 1999. Significance of the Celebes sea spreading centre to the Paleogene petroleum systems of the SE Sunda margin, central Indonesia. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 27th Annual Convention & Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, IPA99-G-166, Jakarta, Indonesia, 11pp. DOI:10.29118/ipa.647.g.166
Friederich, M.C., Langford, R.P., and Moore, T.A., 1999. The geological setting of Indonesian coal deposits. Pacrim ‘99, Bali, Indonesia, p.625-631.
Friederich, M.C., Moore, T.A., and Flores, R.M., 2016. A regional review and new insights into SE Asian Cenozoic coal-bearing sediments: Why does Indonesia have such extensive coal deposits? International Journal of Coal Geology, 166, p.2-35.
Friederich, M.C., Moore, T.A., Lim, M.S.W., and Langford, R.P., 1995. Constraints on coal formation in southeast Kalimantan, Indonesia. 6th New Zealand Coal Conference. CRANZ, Wellington, New Zealand, p.137-149.
Friederich, M.C. and van Leeuwen, T., 2017. A review of the history of coal exploration, discovery and production in Indonesia: The interplay of legal framework, coal geology and exploration strategy. International Journal of Coal Geology, 178, p.56-78. DOI:10.1016/j.coal.2017.04.007
Gerard, J. and Oesterle, H., 1973. Facies study of the offshore Mahakam area. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2nd Annual Convention. Indonesian Petroleum Association, p.187-194.
Hall, R., 2009. SE Asia’s changing palaeogeography. Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 54, p.148-161. DOI:10.3767/000651909x475941
Hall, R., 2012. Late Jurassic - Cenozoic reconstructions of the Indonesian region and the Indian Ocean. Tectonophysics, 570-571, p.1-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.04.021
Hamilton, H., 1979. Tectonics of the Indonesia region. U.S. Geological Survey Prof. Paper 1078, 345pp.
Hartono, U., Dirk, M.H.J., Sanyoto, P., and Permanadewi, S., 1999. Geochemistry and K/Ar results of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic plutonic and volcanic rocks from the Meratus Range, South Kalimantan. Geological Society of Malaysia Bulletin, 43, p.49-61. DOI: 10.7186/bgsm43199906
Hashimoto, W., 1973. An unconformity discovered on the Tanjung Anticline in the eastern rim of the Barito Basin, Kalimo Kalimantan Selatan (South Borneo), Indonesia. Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia, 12, p.179-188.
Hashimoto, W. and Koike, T., 1973. A Geological Reconnaissance of the Reservoir Area of the Riam Kanan Dam, East of Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Geology and Paleontology of Southeast Asia, 13, p.163-190.
Heryanto, R., 2009. Karakteristik dan Lingkungan Pengendapa Batubara Formasi Tanjung di daerah Binuang dan sekitarnya, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, 4, p.239-252. DOI:10.17014/ijog.vol4no4.20092
Hutchison, C.S., 2008. The geological framework. In: Gupta, A (Ed.), The physical geography of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p.4-23.
Hutchison, C.S., 2014. Tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Geological Society of Malaysia Bulletin, 60, p.1-18.
Katili, J.A., 1968. Permian volcanism and its relation to the tectonic development of Sumatra. Bulletin of National Institute of Geology and Mining, Bandung 1, p.3-13.
Kupecz, J., Sayers, I., Tognini, P., Hilman, A., Tanos, C., and Ariyono, D., 2013. New insights into the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the South Makassar Basin. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 37th Annual Convention & Exhibition, May 2013. Indonesian Petroleum Association, IPA13- G-158, 41pp. DOI:10.29118/ipa19.sg.214
Kusuma, I. and Darin, T., 1989. The hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Tanjung Formation, Barito Basin, S.E. Kalimantan. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 8th Annual Convention, October 1989. Indonesian Petroleum Association, Jakarta, Indonesia, p.107-138. DOI: 10.29118/ipa19.g.36
Lucarelli, B., 2015. Government as creator and destroyer. Indonesia’s rapid rise and possible decline as steam coal supplier in Asia. In:Thurber, M.C. and Morse, R.K. (Eds.), The Global Coal Market. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p.294-374. DOI:10.1017/cbo9781316136058.007
Lumadyo, E., McCabe, R., Harder, S., and Lee, T., 1993. Borneo: a stable portion of the Eurasian margin since the Eocene. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 8, p.225-231. DOI:10.1016/0743-9547(93)90024-j
Metcalfe, I., 1991. Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic palaeogeography of Southeast Asia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 87, p.211-221. DOI:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90136-f
Metcalfe, I., 2001. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and biogeography of SE Asia-Australia. In: Metcalf, I., Smith, J.M.B., Morwood, M., and Davidson, I. (Eds.), Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE AsiaAustralia. A.A. Balkema Publishers, Lesse, p.15-34. DOI: 10.1086/345180
Metcalfe, I., 2011. Palaeozoic - Mesozoic history of SE Asia. In: Hall, R., Cottam, M.A., and Wilson, M.E.J. (Eds.), The SE Asian gateway: History and tectonics of the Australia-Asia collision. Geological Society London, London, p.7-35. DOI:10.1144/sp355.2
Moore, T.A., 1990. An alternative method for sampling and petrographically characterizing an Eocene coal bed, southeast Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ph. D dissertation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 240pp.
Moore, T.A., 2015. A field trip guide to ancient and modern organic-rich environments in Kalimantan Timur (Borneo), Indonesia. The Society for Organic Petrology, ISBN 978-0-646-93901-8, Reston, Va, 107pp.
Moore, T.A. and Ferm, J.C., 1988. A modification of procedures for petrographic analysis of Tertiary Indonesia coals. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Science, 2, p.175-183. DOI:10.1016/0743-9547(88)90028-1
Moore, T.A. and Ferm, J.C., 1992. Composition and grain-size of an Eocene coal bed in southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Coal Geology, 21, p.1-30. DOI:10.1016/0166-5162(92)90033-s
Moss, S.J. and Chambers, J.L.C., 1999. Tertiary facies architecture in the Kutai Basin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17, p.157-181. DOI:10.1016/s0743-9547(98)00035-x
Panggabean, H., 1991. Tertiary source rocks, coals and reservoir potential in the Asem Asem and Barito Basins, Southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia. University of Wollongong, Wollongong. 226pp., plus figures and appendices.
Pieters, P.E., Trail, D.S., and Supriatna, S., 1987. Correlation of early Tertiary rocks across Kalimantan, Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 16th Annual Convention, Jakarta, Indonesia, p.291-306. DOI:10.29118/ipa.84.291.306
Poley, J.P., 2010. Eroïca, The quest for oil in Indonesia (1850-1898). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Pubellier, M. and Morley, C.K., 2014. The basins of Sundaland (SE Asia): Evolution and boundary conditions. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 58, p.555-578. DOI:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.11.019
Rock, N.M.S., Syah, H.H., Davis, A.E., Hutchison, D., Styles, M.T., and Lena, R., 1982. Permian to recent volcanism in northern Sumatra, Indonesia: A preliminary study of its distribution, chemistry, and peculiarities. Bulletin Volcanologique, 45, p.127-152. DOI:10.1007/ bf02600429
Ruppert, L.F. and Moore, T.A., 1993. Differentiation of volcanic ash-fall and waterborne detrital layers in the Senakin coal bed (Eocene), Tanjung Formation, Indonesia. Organic Geochemistry, 20, p.233-247. DOI:10.1016/0146- 6380(93)90041-9
Satyana, A.H., Eka, M., and Imron, M., 2001. Coal seams within Eocene Tanjung Formation of the Barito Basin, Southeast Kalimantan: sequence stratigraphic framework and geochemical constraints for source potential. Berita Sedimentology, 15, p.14-26
Satyana, A.H., Nugroho, D., and Surantoko, I., 1999. Tectonic controls on the hydrocarbon habitats of the Barito, Kutei, and Tarakan Basins, Eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia: majordissimilarities in adjoining basins. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17, p.99-122. DOI:10.1016/ s0743-9547(98)00059-2
Sigit, S., 1959. Coal deposits from the southern Sungup and Selaro sector of Pulau Laut and Pulau Sebuku (T) - S. E. Kalimantan. Perpustakaan Puslitbang Geologi, Bandung, 27pp. DOI:10.32693/jgk.11.3.2013.236
Sigit, S., 1963. Geological Investigations of the coal deposits of Pulau Sebuku (Southeast Kalimantan). Publikasi Teknik - Seri Geologi Ekonomi, 44pp.
Simatupang, D. and Amarullah, D., 2010. Coal bed methane potency of Tanjung Formation in Tanah Bumbu South Kalimantan. Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi, 5, p.1-8.
Siregar, M.S. and Sunaryo, R., 1980. Depositional environment and hydrocarbon prospects, Tanjung Formation, Barito Basin, Kalimantan. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 9th Annual Convention. Indonesian Petroleum Association, Jakarta, Indonesia, p.379-400. DOI:10.29118/ipa.1950.379.400
Stroncik, N.A. and Schmincke, H.-U., 2002. Palagonite - a review. International Journal of Earth Science, 91, p.680-697.
Tate, R.B., 1991. Cross-border correlation of geological formations in Sarawak and Kalimantan. Geological Society of Malaysia Bulletin, 28, p.63-95. DOI: 10.7186/bgsm28199104
Thien, B.M.J., Kosalowski, G., and Kulk, D.A., 2015. Differential alteration of basaltic lava flows and hyaloclastites in Icelandic hydrothermal systems. Geothermal Energy, 3, 32 pp. DOI:10.1186/ s40517-015-0031-7
Tjia, H.D., 1970. Eocene directional indicators near Tanjung, southeast Kalimantan. Bulletin of National Institute of Geology and Mining, 3, p.29-32.
Van Bemmelen, R.W., 1949. The geology of Indonesia. The Hague, Government Printing Office, Volumes 1 and 2.
Van Leeuwen, T., 1981. The geology of southwest Sulawesi with special reference to the Biru area. The Geology and Tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geological Research and Development Centre, Special Publication, 2, p.277-304.
Van Leeuwen, T. and Muhardjo, 2005. Stratigraphy and tectonic setting of the Cretaceous and Paleogene volcanic-sedimentary successions in northwest Sulawesi, Indonesia: implications for the Cenozoic evolution of Western and Northern Sulawesi. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 25, p.481-511. DOI:10.1016/j. jseaes.2004.05.004
Watton, T.J., Jerram, D.A., Thordarson, T., and Davies, R.J., 2013. Three-dimensional lithofacies variations in hyaloclastite deposites. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 250, p.19-33. DOI:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.10.011
Witts, D., Hall, R., Morley, R., and BouDagher-Fadel, M.K., 2011. Stratigraphy and sediment provenance, Barito Basin, Southeast Kalimantan. Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 35th Annual Convention & Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, Paper IPA11-G-054, Jakarta, Indonesia, 18pp. DOI:10.29118/ipa.1894.11.g.054
