Keywords
maceral
organic petrology
facies and environment
How to Cite
Abstract
https://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no1.20061a
The Permian Mengkarang Coal Measures is situated in the middle part of Sumatera Island. Some fresh outcrop samples of the Permian Mengkarang coals have been analyzed both macroscopically and microscopically, to asses their depositional environment. On the basis of organic-petrological analysis, the coal seams show variation in the predominance of some macerals, indicating successions of environmental changes. The dominant maceral group is vitrinite, present in very low to very high values; whilst the minor one is inertinite showing low amount. Environmental information derived from the organic facies study shows that the coals were deposited in wet zone of mire, ranges from wet limnic-telmatic zone to telmatic wet forest swamp under rapid burial condition, due to rapid basin subsidence. The organic facies concept is thus applicable in basin studies context and has potential to become an additional tool for interpretation of depositional environment.
References
Australian Standards 2856, 1986. Coal maceral analysis. Standards Association of Australia. North Sydney, New South Wales.
Brown, H.R., Cook, A.C., and Taylor, G.H., 1964. Variations in the properties of vitrinite in isomorphic coal. Fuel, 43, p.111–124.
Bustin, R.M., Cameron, A.R., Grive, A.D., and Kalkreuth, W.D., 1983. Coal Petrology-its principles, methods, and applications. Geological Association of Canada, 230p.
Calder, J.H., Gibling, M.R., and Mukhopadhyay, P.K., 1991. Peat formation in a Westphalian B piedmont setting, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia: Implication for the maceral-based, interpretation of rheotrophic and raised paleomires. Bulletin of Society of Geology, France, 162, No.2, p.283–298.
Cohen, A.D., Spackman, W., and Raymond, R., 1987. Interpreting the characteristics of coal seams from chemical, physical, and petrographic studies of peat deposits. In: Scott, A.C. (ed.) Coal and Coal-bearing Strata: Recent Advances. Geological Society (London) Special Publication, 32, p.107–125.
Cook, A.C. and Kantsler, A.J., 1982. The origin and petrology of organic matter in coals, oil shales and petroleum source-rocks. The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 35 pp.
Diessel, C.F.K., 1965. Correlation of macro- and micropetrography of some New South Wales coals. In: Woodcock, J.T., Madigan, R.T. and Thomas, R.G. (eds.), Proceedings-General, vol.6, 8th Commonwealth Mineral and Metallurgy Congress, Melbourne, p.669-677.
Diessel, C.F.K., 1982. An appraisal of coal facies based on maceral characteristics. Australian Coal Geology, 4(2), p.474-484.
Diessel, C.F.K., 1986. On the correlation between coal facies and depositional environments. Proceeding 20th Symposium of Department Geology, University of New Castle, New South Wales, p.19–22.
Diessel, C.F.K., 1992. Coal Bearing Depositional Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 721pp.
Harvey, R.D. and Dillon, J.W., 1985. Maceral distribution in Illinois coals and their palaeoenvironmental implications. International Journal of Coal Geology, 5, p.141–165.
ICCP, International Committee for Coal Petrology, 1963. Handbook, 2nd Edition, Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Paris, France.
ICCP, International Committee for Coal Petrology, 1971. International Handbook of Coal Petrography, 1st supplement to 2nd edition. Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Paris, France.
ICCP, International Committee for Coal Petrology, 1975. Analysis subcommission, fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence photometry and subcommission nomenclature. In: International Handbook of Coal Petrography, 2nd supplement to 2nd edition. Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Paris, France.
Kalkreuth, W.D. and Leckie, D.A., 1989. Sedimentological and petrographical characteristics of Cretaceous strandplain coals: a model for coal accumulation from the North American western interior seaway. In: Lyons, P.C. and Alpern, B. (eds.), Peat and Coal: Origin, Facies and Depositional Models. International Journal of Coal Geology, 12, p.381–424.
Kalkreuth, W.D., Marchioni, D.L., Calder, J.H., Lamberson, M.N., Naylor, R.D., and Paul, J., 1991. The relationship between coal petrography and depositional environments from selected coal basins in Canada. In: Kalkreuth, W.D., Bustin, R.M. and Cameron, A.R. (Eds.) Recent Advances in Organic Petrology and Geochemistry: A Symposium Honouring Dr. P. Hacquebard. International Journal of Coal Geology, 19, p.21–76.
Lamberson, M.N., Bustin, R.M., and Kalkreuth, W., 1991. Lithotype (maceral) composition and variation as correlated with paleo-wetland environment, Gates Formation, Northeastern British Columbia, Canada. International Journal of Coal Geology, 18, p.87–124.
Marchioni, D.L. and Kalkreuth, W., 1991. Coal facies interpretations based on lithotype and maceral variations in Lower Cretaceous (Gates Formation) coals of Western Canada. International Journal of Coal Geology, 18, p.125–162.
McCabe, P.J., 1987. Facies studies of coal and coal-bearing strata. In: Scott, A.C. (ed.), Coal and Coal-bearing Strata: Recent Advances. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 32, p.51–66.
Moore, P.D., 1987. Ecological and hydrological aspects of peat formation. In: Scott, A.C. (Ed.) Coal and coal- bearing strata, recent advances. Geological Society of America, Special Publication, 32, p.7–15.
Moore, P.D., 1989. The ecology of peat-forming processes: a review. International Journal of Coal Geology, 12, p.89–103.
Rimmer, S. and Davis, A., 1988. The influence of depositional environments on coal petrographic composition of the Lower Kittanning Seam, western Pennsylvania. Organic Geochemistry, 12, p.375–387.
Sappal, K.K., 1986. Petrography of Collie Coal, Collie Basin, Western Australia. WAMPRI, 26, 202p.
Shearer, J.C. and Moore, T.A., 1994. Grain size and botanical analysis of two coal beds from the South Island of New Zealand. Rev. Paleobot. Palynol.
Stout, S.A. and Spackman, W., 1989. Peatification and early coalification of wood as deduced by quantitative microscopic methods. Organic Geochemistry, 14, p.285– 298.
Struckmeyer, H.I.M. and Felton, E.A., 1990. The use of organic facies for refining palaeoenvironmental interpretations. A case study from the Otway Basin, Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 37, p.351–364.
Suwarna, N., Suharsono, Gafoer, S., Amin, T.C., Kusnama, dan Hermanto, B., 1992. Geological Map of the Sarolangun Quadrangle, Sumatera, scale 1 : 250.000. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung.
Suwarna, N., Suharsono, Amiruddin, and Hermanto, 1998. Geological Map of the Bangko Quadrangle, Sumatera, scale 1:100.000. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung.
Suwarna, N. and Suminto, 1999. Sedimentology and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Permian Mengkarang Formation, Southern Sumatera. Proceedings Southeast Asian Coal Geology, Bandung.
Teichmüller, M. and Teichmüller, R., 1982. Fundamental of coal petrology. In: Stach, E., Mackowsky, M-Th., Teichmüller, M., Taylor, G.H., Chandra, D., and Teichmüller, R. (eds.) Stach’s Textbook of Coal Petrology. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 3rd ed., 535p.
Teichmüller, M., 1989. The genesis of coal from the viewpoint of coal petrology. In: Lyons, P.C. and Alpern, B. (Eds.) Peat and Coal: Origin, Facies and Depositional Models, p.1-87, Elsevier, Amsterdam.